• Books
• On the damage costs of climate change
• On adaptation
• On computable general equilibrium modelling
• On sea level rise
• On tourism and aviation
• On fisheries
• On the costs of greenhouse gas emission reduction
• On climate policy
• On game theory
• On equity
• On discounting
• On risk and insurance
• On integrated assessment
• On scenarios
• On water
• On statistics
• Miscellaneous publications

Recent work can be found on my IDEAS/RePEc site.

Hans von Storch, Richard S.J. Tol and Goetz Floeser (eds.) (2007), Environmental Crises: Science and Policy, Springer, Berlin.

Thomas E. Downing, Alexander A. Olsthoorn and Richard S.J. Tol (eds.) (1998), Climate Change and Risk, Routledge, London.

Tol, R.S.J. (2008), 'The Social Cost of Carbon: Trends, Outliers, and Catastrophes', Economics -- the Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2 (25), 1-24.

Tol, R.S.J. (2008), 'Why Worry about Climate Change? A Research Agenda', Enviornmental Values, 17 (4), 437-470.

Tol,R.S.J. (2008), ‘Climate, Development and Malaria: An Application of FUND’, Climatic Change, 88 (1), 21-34. This paper uses FUND.

Kuik, O.J., B. Buchner, M. Catenacci, A. Goria, E. Karakaya and R.S.J. Tol (2008), 'Methodological Aspects of Recent Climate Change Damage Cost Studies', Integrated Assessment Journal, 8 (1), 19-40.

Bigano, A., J.M. Hamilton and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'The Impact of Climate Change on Domestic and International Tourism: A Simulation Study', Integrated Assessment Journal, 7 (1), 25-49.  This paper uses HTM.

Bosello, F., R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Economy-wide Estimates of the Implications of Climate Change: Sea Level Rise', Environmental and Resource Economics, 37, 549-571. This paper uses ICES.

Tol, R.S.J. (2006), 'The Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change: A Comment', Energy & Environment, 17 (6), 977-981.

Tol, R.S.J. and G.W. Yohe (2006), 'A Review of the Stern Review', World Economics, 7 (3), 233-250. See also R.S.J. and G.W. Yohe (2007), 'A Stern Reply to the Reply of the Review of the Stern Review', World Economics, 8 (2), 153-159.

Berritella, M., A. Bigano, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘A General Equilibrium Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Tourism’, Tourism Management, 27 (5), 913-924. This paper uses ICES.

Bosello, F., R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: Human health’, Ecological Economics, 58, 579-591. This paper uses ICES.

Guo, J.K., C. Hepburn, R.S.J. Tol and D. Anthoff (2006), ‘Discounting and the Social Cost of Carbon: A Closer Look at Uncertainty’, Environmental Science and Policy, 9, 205-216.  This paper uses FUND.

Roson, R. and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘An Integrated Assessment Model of Economy-Energy-Climate– The Model Wiagem: A Comment’, Integrated Assessment Journal, 6(1), 75-82. 

Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘On Climate Change and Economic Growth’, Resource and Energy Economics, 27, 1-17.

Tol, R.S.J. (2005), ‘The Marginal Damage Costs of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Assessment of the Uncertainties’, Energy Policy, 33 (16),2064-2074. This paper attracted the attention of Bjorn Lomborg. See also our reaction,which Politiken declined to publish without giving a reason.

Tol, R.S.J. (2002), ‘New Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change, Part I: Benchmark Estimates’, Environmental and ResourceEconomics, 21 (1), 47-73. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2002), ‘New Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change, Part II: Dynamic Estimates’, Environmental and ResourceEconomics, 21 (2), 135-160. This paper uses FUND.

Darwin, R.F. and R.S.J. Tol (2001), ‘Estimates of the Economic Effects of Sea Level Rise’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 19 (2), 113-129.

Smith, J.B., H.-J. Schellnhuber, M.M.Q. Mirza, S.Fankhauser, R. Leemans, E. Lin, L. Ogallo, B. Pittock, R.G. Richels, C. Rosenzweig, R.S.J. Tol, J.P. Weyant and G.W. Yohe (2001), ‘Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for Concern: A Synthesis’, Chapter 19, pp.913-967, in J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S.White (eds.), Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Tol, R.S.J. (2001), ‘Impacts of Climate Change: An Economist’s Perspective’, in B. Parthier and D. Simon (eds.), Climate Impact Research: Why, How and When?, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.

Tol, R.S.J., S. Fankhauser, R.G. Richels and J.B.Smith (2000), ‘How Much Damage Will Climate Change Do? Recent Estimates’, World Economics,1 (4), 179-206.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘The Marginal Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions’, The Energy Journal, 20(1), 61-81. This paper uses FUND.

Beniston, M. and R.S.J. Tol (1998), ‘Potential Impacts of Climate Change in Europe’,Energy and Environment, 9 (4), 365-381.

Beniston,M., R.S.J. Tol, R. Delecolle, G. Hoermann, A. Iglesias, J. Innes, A.J.McMichael, W.J.M. Martens, I. Nemesova, R.J. Nicholls and F.L. Toth (1998),‘Europe’, Chapter 5, pp.149-185, in R.T Watson, M. Zinyowera and R.H. Moss(eds.), The Regional Impacts of Climate Change -- An Assessment ofV ulnerability, A Special Report of IPCC Working Group II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol(1998), ‘The Value of Life in Global Warming Impacts --A Comment’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 3(1), 87-88.

Tol,R.S.J. (1998), ‘On the Difference in Impact between Two Almost Identical Climate Scenarios’, Energy Policy, 26(1), 13-20. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (1998), ‘Estimating Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change’, in: T. Schneider (ed.), Air Pollution in the 21^st Century – Priority Issues and Policy, Elsevier, Amsterdam,199-222.

Tol,R.S.J. and S. Fankhauser (1998), ‘On the Representation of Impact in Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Change’, Environmental Modelling and Assessment, 3, 63-74.

Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol(1997), ‘The Social Costs of Climate Change: The IPCC Second Assessment Report and Beyond’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 1, 385-403.

Fankhauser,S., R.S.J. Tol and D.W. Pearce (1997), ‘The Aggregation of Climate Change Damages: A Welfare Theoretic Approach’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 10, 249-266.

Tol, R.S.J. (1997), ‘Social Costs of Climate Change’ in: S.J. Hassol and J. Katzenberger (eds.) Elements of Change 1996, Aspen Global Change Institute, Aspen, 246-251.

Tol, R.S.J. (1997), ‘The Social Cost Controversy: A Personal Appraisal’ in: A. Sors, A. Liberatore, S.Funtowicz, J.C. Hourcade and J.L. Fellous (eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium Prospects of Integrated Environmental Assessment:Lessons Learnt from the Case of Climate Change, European Commission DG12,Brussels, 35-42.

Tol, R.S.J. (1997), ‘Economic Valuation and Asian Values’ in: O.K. Cameron, K. Fukuwatari and T. Morita(eds.), Climate Change and Integrated Assessment Models: Bridging the Gaps-- Proceedings of the IPCC Asia-Pacific Workshop on Integrated Assessment Models, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 311-313.

Tol, R.S.J.(1997), ‘Valuation of Non-Market Impacts’, in B.P. Flannery, K.R. Kohlhase and D.G. Le Vine (eds.) Critical Issues in the Economics of Climate Change, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association, London.

Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol(1996), ‘Recent Advancements in theEconomic Assessment of Climate Change Costs’, Energy Policy, 24(7), 665-673.

Heintz, R.J. and R.S.J. Tol (1996), ‘Schone Lucht -- De Vergeten Baten van Klimaatbeleid: Implicaties voor Joint Implementation’, Milieu, Tijdschriftvoor Milieukunde, 11 (4), 192-198.

Pearce, D.W., A.N. Achanta, W.R.Cline, S. Fankhauser, R. Pachauri, R.S.J. Tol and P. Vellinga (1996), ‘The Social Costs of Climate Change: Greenhouse Damage and the Benefits of Control’,in: J.P. Bruce, H. Lee, and E.F. Haites (eds.) Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change -- Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,pp. 179-224 (Chapter 6), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Tol, R.S.J. (1996), ‘The Damage Costs of Climate Change: Towards a Dynamic Representation’, Ecological Economics, 19, 67-90.

Tol, R.S.J. (1995), ‘The Damage Costs of Climate Change -- Towards More Comprehensive Calculations’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 5, 353-374. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (1994), ‘The Damage Costs of Climate Change -- A Note on Tangibles and Intangibles, Applied to DICE’, Energy Policy, 22 (5),436-438.

Tol, R.S.J., R.J.T. Klein and R.J. Nicholls (forthcoming), ‘Adaptation to Sea Level Rise along Europe’s Coasts’, Journal of Coastal Research.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), ‘The Double Trade-Off between Adaptation and Mitigation for Sea Level Rise: An Application of FUND’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12, 741-753. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J., K.L. Ebi and G.W. Yohe (2007), 'Infectious Disease, Development, and Climate Change: A Scenario Analysis', Environment and Development Economics, 12, 687-706.

Tol, R.S.J. and G.W. Yohe (2007), 'The Weakest Link Hypothesis for Adaptive Capacity: An Empirical Test', Global Environmental Change, 17, 218-227.

Tol, R.S.J., M. Bohn, T.E. Downing, M.-L. Guillerminet, E. Hizsnyik, R. Kasperson,K. Lonsdale, C. Mays, R.J. Nicholls, A.A. Olsthoorn, G. Pfeifle, M. Poumadere,F.L. Toth, A.T. Vafeidis, P.E. van der Werff and I.H. Yetkiner (2006), ‘Adaptation to Five Metres of Sea Level Rise’, Journal of Risk Research, 9, 5, 467-482.

Tol, R.S.J. (2005), ‘Adaptation and Mitigation: Trade-Offs in Substance and Methods’, Environmental Science and Policy, 8 (6), 572-578.

Tol, R.S.J., N.M. van der Grijp, A.A. Olsthoorn and P.E. van der Werff (2003), ‘Adapting to Climate Change: A Case Study of Riverine Flood Risks in the Netherlands’, Risk Analysis, 23 (3),575-583.

Yohe, G.W. and R.S.J. Tol (2002), ‘Indicators for Social and Economic Coping Capacity – Moving Towards a Working Definition of Adaptive Capacity’, Global Environmental Change, 12 (1), 25-40.

Tol, R.S.J. and H. Dowlatabadi (2001), ‘Vector-borne Diseases, Climate Change, and Economic Growth’,Integrated Assessment, 2, 173-181. This paper uses FUND. 

Tol, R.S.J. and A. Langen (2000), ‘A Concise History of Dutch River Floods’, Climatic Change, 46, 357-369.

Fankhauser,S., J.B. Smith and R.S.J. Tol (1999), ‘Weathering Climate Change: Some Simple Rules to Guide Adaptation Decisions’, Ecological Economics, 30, 67-78.

Tol, R.S.J., S. Fankhauser and J.B. Smith (1998), ‘The Scope for Adaptation to Climate Change: What Can We Learn from the Impact Literature?’, Global Environmental Change, 8 (2), 109-123.

Tol, R.S.J., S. Fankhauser andD.W. Pearce (1996), ‘Equity and the Aggregation of the Damage Costs of ClimateChange’ in: N. Nakicenovic, W.D. Nordhaus, R.G. Richels and F.L. Toth (eds.), ClimateChange: Integrating Science, Economics, and Policy, International Institutefor Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg.

Bigano, A., F. Bosello, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), 'Economy-wide Impacts of Climate Change: A Joint Analysis for Sea Level Rise and Tourism', Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Bosello, F., R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Economy-wide Estimates of the Implications of Climate Change: Sea Level Rise', Environmental and Resource Economics, 37, 549-571. This paper uses ICES.

Berrittella, M., A.Y. Hoekstra, K. Rehdanz, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'The Economic Impact of Restricted Water Supply: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis', Water Research, 41, 1799-1813. This paper uses ICES.

Letsoalo, A., J. Blignaut, T. de Wet, M. de Wit, S. Hess, R.S.J. Tol and J. van Heerden (2007), 'Triple Dividends of Water Consumption Charges in South Africa', Water Resources Research, 43, W05412.

van Heerden, J., J. Blignaut, M. Mabugu, R. Gerlagh, S. Hess, R.S.J. Tol, M. Horridge, R. Mabugu, M. de Wit and T. Letsoalo (2006), 'Redistributing Environmental Tax Revenue to Reduce Poverty in South Africa', South African Journal of Economic and Management Science, 9 (4), 537-552.

Berritella, M., A. Bigano, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘A General Equilibrium Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Tourism’, Tourism Management, 27 (5), 913-924. This paper uses ICES.

Bosello, F., R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: Human health’, Ecological Economics, 58, 579-591. This paper uses ICES.

Roson, R. and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘An Integrated Assessment Model of Economy-Energy-Climate– The Model Wiagem: A Comment’, The Integrated Assessment Journal, 6(1), 75-82. 

Darwin, R.F. and R.S.J. Tol (2001), ‘Estimates of the Economic Effects of Sea Level Rise’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 19 (2), 113-129.

Tol, R.S.J., R.J.T. Klein and R.J. Nicholls (forthcoming), 'Adaptation to Sea Level Rise along Europe's Coasts, Journal of Coastal Research.

Bosello, F., R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Economy-wide Estimates of the Implications of Climate Change: Sea Level Rise', Environmental and Resource Economics, 37, 549-571. This paper uses ICES.

McFadden, L., R.J. Nicholls, R.S.J.Tol and A.T. Vafeidis (2007), ‘A Methodology for Modelling Coastal Space for Global Assessments’, Journal of Coastal Research, 23 (4), 911-920.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), ‘The Double Trade-Off between Adaptation and Mitigation for Sea Level Rise: An Application of FUND’, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12, 741-753. This paper uses FUND.

Nicholls, R.J., R.J.T. Klein and R.S.J. Tol (2006), 'Managing Coastal Vulnerability and Climate Change: A National to Global Perspective', in L. McFadden, R.J. Nicholls and E. Penning-Rowsell (eds.), Managing Coastal Vulnerability, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Tol, R.S.J., M. Bohn, T.E. Downing, M.-L.Guillerminet, E. Hizsnyik, R. Kasperson, K. Lonsdale, C. Mays, R.J. Nicholls, A.A. Olsthoorn, G. Pfeifle, M. Poumadere, F.L. Toth, A.T. Vafeidis, P.E. vander Werff and I.H. Yetkiner (2006), ‘Adaptation to Five Metres of Sea Level Rise’, Journal of Risk Research, 9 (5), 467-482.

Nicholls, R.J. and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: A global analysis of the SRESscenarios over the 21^st Century’, Philosophical Transaction ofthe Royal Society A – Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 361(1841), 1073-1095

Darwin, R.F. and R.S.J. Tol (2001), ‘Estimates of the Economic Effects of Sea Level Rise’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 19 (2), 113-129.

Bigano, A., J.M. Hamilton and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), 'The Impact of Climate Change on Domestir and International Tourism: A Simulation Study', Integrated Assessment Journal. This paper uses HTM.

Mayor, K. and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), 'The Impact of the the EU-US Open Skies Agreement on International Travel and on Carbon Dioxide Emissions', Journal of Air Transport Management. This paper uses HTM.

Mayor, K. and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'The Impact of the UK Aviation Tax on Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Visitor Numbers', Transport Policy, 14, 507-513. This paper uses HTM.

Bigano, A., J.M. Hamilton, M.A. Lau, R.S.J. Tol and Y. Zhou (2007), 'A Global Database of Domestic and International Tourist Numbers at National and Subnational Level', International Journal of Tourism Research, 9, 147-174.

Fitz Gerald, J.D. and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Airline Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in the European Trading System', CESifo Forum, 1/2007, 51-54. This paper uses HTM.

Hamilton, J.M. and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'The Impact of Climate Change on Tourism in Germany, the UK, and Ireland: A Simulation Study', Regional Environmental Change, 7, 161-172. This paper uses HTM.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), 'The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism', Transportation Research Part D, 12, 129-142. This paper uses HTM.

Bigano,A., J.M. Hamilton, D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol (2006), 'Predicting Tourism Flows under Climate Change -- An Editorial Comment on Goessling and Hall (2006)', Climatic Change, 79 (3-4), 175-180.

Bigano,A., J.M. Hamilton and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘The Impact of Climate on Holiday Destination Choice’, Climatic Change, 76 (3-4), 389-406. This paper uses HTM.

Berritella, M., A. Bigano, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘A General Equilibrium Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Tourism’, Tourism Management, 27 (5), 913-924. This paper used ICES.

Hamilton, J.M., D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘Climate Change and International Tourism: A Simulation Study’, Global Environmental Change, 15 (3), 253-266.  This paper uses HTM. This paper attracted the attention of New Scientist. 

Hamilton, J.M., D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘The Effects of Climate Change on International Tourism’, Climate Research, 29, 245-254. This paper uses HTM.

Lise, W. and R.S.J. Tol (2002), ‘The Impact of Climate on Tourism Demand’, Climatic Change, 55 (4), 429-449. This paper uses HTM.

Sesabo, J.K. and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), ‘Technical Efficiency and Small-scale Fishing Households in Tanzanian Coastal Villages: An Empirical Analysis’, South African Journal of Aquatic Sciences.

Roeckmann, C., U.A. Schneider, M.A. St.John and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Testing the Implications of a Permanent of Seasonal Marine Reserve on the Population Dynamics of Eastern Baltic Cod under Varying Environmental Conditions', Fisheries Research, 85, 1-13.

Roeckmann, C., U.A. Schneider, M.A. St.John and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'Rebuilding the Eastern Cod Stock under Environmental Change -- A Preliminary Approach using Stock, Environmental, and Management Constraints', Natural Resources Modelling, 20 (2), 223-262.

Link, P.M. and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘Economic impacts of changes in population dynamics of fish on the fisheries in the Barents Sea’, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63 (4), 611-625.

Tol,R.S.J. (2006), ‘Multi-Gas Emission Reduction for Climate Change Policy:An Application of FUND’, Energy Journal (Multi-Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Climate Change Policy Special Issue), 235-250.  This paper uses FUND. 

Tol, R.S.J., R.J. Heintz and P.E.M. Lammers (2003), ‘Methane Emission Reduction: An Application of FUND’, Climatic Change, 57 (1-2), 71-98. This paper uses FUND. 

Susandi, A. and R.S.J. Tol (2002), ‘The Impact of International Climate Policy on Indonesia’,Pacific-Asian Journal of Energy, 12 (2), 111-121.

Tol,R.S.J. (2000), ‘Modelling the Costs of Emission Reduction: Different Approaches’, Pacific-Asian Journal of Energy, 10 (1), 1-7.

Kuik, O.J., J. Aerts, F. Berkhout, F. Biermann, L. Bouwer, J. Bruggink, R. Gerlagh, J. Gupta, M. Hisschemoeller, R.S.J. Tol and J. Verhagen (2008), 'Post-2012 Climate Policy: Assessing the Options', Climate Policy, 18 (3), 317-366.

Rehdanz, K. and R.S.J. Tol (2008), 'A No Cap But Trade Proposal for Emission Targets', Climate Policy, 18 (3), 293-304.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), 'Biased Policy Advice from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change', Energy & Environment, 18 (7+8), 929-936.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), ‘Europe’s Long Term Climate Target: A Critical Evaluation’, Energy Policy, 35 (1), 424-434.

Rehdanz, K., R.S.J. Tol and P. Wetzel (2006), ‘Ocean Carbon Sinks and International Climate Policy’, Energy Policy, 34, 3516-3526.

Schwoon, M. and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘Optimal CO₂-abatement with socio-economic inertia and induced technological change’, Energy Journal, 27 (4), 25-60.

Rehdanz, K. and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘Unilateral Regulation of Bilateral Trade in Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits’, Ecological Economics, 54, 397-416.

Tol, R.S.J. (2005), ‘Emission Abatement versus Development as Strategies to Reduce Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Application of FUND’, Environment and Development Economics, 10, 615-629.This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2005), ‘An Emission Intensity Protocol for Climate Change: An Application of FUND’, Climate Policy, 4, 269-287. This paper uses FUND. 

Tol, R.S.J. and R. Verheyen (2004), ‘State Responsibility and Compensation for Climate Change Damages – A Legal and Economic Assessment’,Energy Policy, 32(9),1109-1130. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2000), ‘Timing of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction’, Pacific-Asian Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(1), 63-68.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘Kyoto, Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness: Applications of FUND’, Energy Journal Special Issue on the Costs of the KyotoProtocol: A Multi-Model Evaluation, 130-156. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘Spatial and Temporal Efficiency in Climate Policy:Applications of FUND’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 14(1), 33-49. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (1998), ‘Kyoto Mistakes’, International Journal of Environmental Pollution, 10(3/4), 503-507.

Tol, R.S.J. (1997), ‘On the Optimal Control of Carbon Dioxide Emissions -- An Application of FUND’, Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 2, 151-163. This paper uses FUND.

Heintz, R.J. and R.S.J. Tol (1995), ‘Joint Implementation and Uniform Mixing’, Energy Policy, 23 (10), 911-917.

Lise, W. and R.S.J. Tol (2004), ‘Attainability of International Environmental Agreements as a Social Situation’, International Environmental Agreements, 4, 253-277.

Kemfert, C., W. Lise and R.S.J. Tol (2004), ‘Games of Climate Change with International Trade’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 28 (2), 209-232.

Tol, R.S.J. (2001), ‘Climate Coalitions in an Integrated Assessment Model’, Computational Economics, 18, 159-172. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J., T.E. Downing, O.J. Kuik and J.B. Smith (2004), ‘Distributional Aspects of Climate Change Impacts’, Global Environmental Change, 14(3), 259-272.

Kemfert, C. and R.S.J. Tol (2002), ‘Equity, International Trade and Climate Policy’, International Environmental Agreements, 2, 23-48. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2002), ‘Welfare Specification and Optimal Control of Climate Change: An Application of FUND’, Energy Economics, 24 (4), 367-376. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2001), ‘Equitable Cost-Benefit Analysis ofClimate Change’, Ecological Economics, 36 (1), 71-85. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2000), ‘Equitable Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Policy’ in C. Carraro (ed.) Efficiency and Equity of Climate Change Policy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 273-290. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘The Optimal Timing of Greenhouse Gas Emission Abatement, Individual Rationality andIntergenerational Equity’ in C. Carraro (ed.) International Environmental Agreements on Climate Change, pp. 169-182, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Tol, R.S.J., S. Fankhauser and D.W. Pearce (1999), ‘Empirical and Ethical Arguments in Climate Change Impact Valuation and Aggregation’ in F.L. Toth (ed.) Fair Weather? Equity Concerns in Climate Change, pp. 65-79, EarthScan, London.

Fankhauser, S., R.S.J. Tol and D.W. Pearce (1998), ‘Extensions and Alternatives to Climate Change Impact Valuation: On the Critique on IPCC WG3’s Impact Estimates’, Environment and Development Economics, 3, 59-81.

Guo, J.K., C. Hepburn, R.S.J. Tol and D. Anthoff (2006), ‘Discounting and the Social Cost of Carbon: A Closer Look at Uncertainty’, Environmental Science and Policy, 9 (5), 203-216.

Tol, R.S.J. (2004), ‘On Dual-Rate Discounting’, Economic Modelling, 21 (1), 95-98.

Tol, R.S.J. (2002), ‘Fearnside’s Unified Index for Time Preference: A Comment’, Ecological Economics, 41, 33-34.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘Time Discounting and Optimal Control of Climate Change: An Application of FUND’, Climatic Change, 41 (3-4), 351-362. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J., M. Bohn, T.E. Downing, M.-L.Guillerminet, E. Hizsnyik, R. Kasperson, K. Lonsdale, C. Mays, R.J. Nicholls,A.A. Olsthoorn, G. Pfeifle, M. Poumadere, F.L. Toth, A.T. Vafeidis, P.E. vander Werff and I.H. Yetkiner (2006), ‘Adaptation to Five Metres of Sea Level Rise’, Journal of Risk Research, 9 (5), 467-482.

Link, P.M. and R.S.J. Tol (2004), ‘Possible Economic Impacts of a Shutdown of the Thermohaline Circulation: An Application of FUND’, Portuguese Economic Journal, 3, 99-114. This paper uses  FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2003), ‘Is the Uncertainty about Climate Change Too Large for Expected Cost-Benefit Analysis?’, Climatic Change, 56(3), 265-289. This paper uses FUND.

Dorland, C., R.S.J. Tol and J.P. Palutikof (1999), ‘Vulnerability of the Netherlands and Northwest Europe to Storm Damage under Climate Change’, Climatic Change, 43, 513-535.

Tol, R.S.J. (1999), ‘Safe Policies in an Uncertain Climate: An Application of FUND’,Global Environmental Change, 9, 221-232. This paper uses FUND.

Downing,T.E., A.A. Olsthoorn and R.S.J. Tol (eds.) (1998), Climate, Change and Risk, Routledge, London, 407 pp.

Tol, R.S.J. (1998), ‘Climate Change and Insurance: A Critical Appraisal’, Energy Policy, 26 (3), 257-262.

Tol, R.S.J. (1998), ‘Short-Term Decisions under Long-Term Uncertainty’,Energy Economics, 20, 557-569.

Vellinga, P. and R.S.J. Tol (1993), ‘Climate Change, Extreme Events, and Society’s Response, Journal of Reinsurance, 1 (2), 59-72.

Fisher, B.S.,G. Jakeman, H.M. Pant, M. Schwoon and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘CHIMP: A Simple Population Model for Use in Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change’, Integrated Assessment Journal, 6 (3), 1-33.

Jaeger, C.C.and R.S.J. Tol (2002), ‘Sustainability and Economics: A Matter of Scale’,Integrated Assessment, 3 (2-3), 151-159. This was reprinted as‘Economics’ in J. Rotmans and D.S. Rothman (2003) (eds.), Scaling inIntegrated Assessment, Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse. 

Hourcade, J.-C., M.Haduong, A. Gruebler and R.S.J. Tol (2001), 'INASUD Project Findings on Integrated Assessment of Climate Policies', Integrated Assessment, 2 (1), 31-35.This paper uses FUND. 

Hisschemöller, M.,R.S.J. Tol and P. Vellinga (2001), ‘The Relevance of Participatory Approaches in Integrated Environmental Assessment’, Integrated Assessment, 2(2), 57-72. 

Cohen, S.J. and R.S.J. Tol (1998),‘Integration’, Chapter 4 in: J.F. Feenstra, I. Burton, J.B. Smith and R.S.J.Tol (eds.), Handbook on Methods of Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, pp. 4.1-4.20, United Nations Environment Programme and Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Nairobi and Amsterdam.  

Tol,R.S.J. (1998), ‘Economic Aspects of Global Environmental Models’, in: J.C.J.M.van den Bergh and M.W. Hofkes (eds.) Theory and Implementation of Economics Models for Sustainable Development, pp. 277-286 (Chapter 14), Kluwe rAcademic Publishers, Dordrecht. 

Tol,R.S.J. and P. Vellinga (1998), ‘The European Forum on Integrated Environmental Assessment’,Environmental Modelling and Assessment, 3 (3), 181-192. 

Tol, R.S.J. (1997),‘The Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution’ in: O.K.Cameron, K. Fukuwatari and T. Morita (eds.), Climate Change and Integrated Assessment Models: Bridging the Gaps -- Proceedings of the IPCC Asia-Pacific Workshop on Integrated Assessment Models, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 591-593. This paper uses FUND. 

Tol, R.S.J. and P.Vellinga (1997), ‘Approaches to Integrated Assessment’ in: A. Sors, A.Liberatore, S. Funtowicz, J.C. Hourcade and J.L. Fellous (eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium Prospects of Integrated Environmental Assessment: Lessons Learnt from the Case of Climate Change, European Commission DG12, Brussels, 91-98. 

Tol, R.S.J. (1996), ‘The Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution’ in: K.A. Miller and R.K. Parkin (eds.), An Institute on the Economics of the Climate Resource,University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, p 471-496. This paper uses FUND. 

Weyant, J.P., O. Davidson, H. Dowlatabadi,J.A. Edmonds, M. Grubb, E.A. Parson, R.G. Richels, J. Rotmans, P.R. Shukla,R.S.J. Tol, W.R. Cline and S. Fankhauser (1996), ‘Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: An Overview and Comparison of Approaches and Results’, in: J.P.Bruce, H. Lee, and E.F. Haites (eds.) Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change -- Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,pp. 367-396 (Chapter 10), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

Tol,R.S.J., T. van der Burg, H.M.A. Jansen and H. Verbruggen (1995),‘Socio-economic Aspects of the Greenhouse Effect: Climate Fund’ in S. Zwerver, R.S.A.R van Rompaey, M.T.J. Kok and M.M. Berk (eds.) Climate Change Research- Evaluation and Policy Implications, pp. 1283-1288, Elsevier, Amsterdam.This paper uses FUND. 

Tol, R.S.J., T. van der Burg, H.M.A. Jansen and H. Verbruggen (1995), The Climate Fund - Some Notions on the Socio-Economic Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emission Reductions in an International Context, Institute for Environmental Studies R95/03, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. This paper uses FUND.

Tol, R.S.J. (2007), 'Carbon Dioxide Emissions Scenarios for the USA', Energy Policy, 35, 5310-5326.

Tol, R.S.J., K.L. Ebi and G.W. Yohe (2007), 'Infectious Disease, Development, and Climate Change: A Scenario Analysis', Environment and Development Economics, 12, 687-706.

Fisher, B.S.,G. Jakeman, H.M. Pant, M. Schwoon and R.S.J. Tol (2006), ‘CHIMP: A Simple Population Model for Use in Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change’, Integrated Assessment Journal, 6 (3), 1-33.

Tol, R.S.J. (2006), ‘Exchange Rates and Climate Change: An Application of FUND’, Climatic Change, 75, 59-80.

Tol, R.S.J. (2006), ‘If I Had a Hammer – A Critique of “Analysing Convergence with a Multi-Country Computable General Equilibrium Model: PPP versus MER” by Peter Dixon and Maureen Rimmer’, Energy & Environment, 17 (2), 283-286.

Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘On Climate Change and Economic Growth’, Resource and Energy Economics, 27, 1-17.

Strzepek, K.M., D.N. Yates, G.W. Yohe, R.S.J. Tol and N. Mader (2001), ‘Constructing “Not Implausible” Climate and Economic Scenarios for Egypt’, Integrated Assessment, 2 (3), 139-157.

Tol, R.S.J. (1998), ‘Socio-Economic Scenarios’, Chapter 2 in: J.F. Feenstra, I. Burton, J.B. Smith and R.S.J. Tol (eds.), Handbook on Methods of Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, pp. 2.1-2.17, United Nations Environment Programme and Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Nairobi and Amsterdam.

Strzepek, K.M., R.S.J. Tol, G.W. Yohe and M.W. Rosegrant (forthcoming), 'The Value of the High Aswan Dam to the Egyptian Economy', Ecological Economics.

Letsoalo, A., J. Blignaut, T. de Wet, M. de Wit, S. Hess, R.S.J. Tol and J. van Heerden (2007), 'Triple Dividends of Water Consumption Charges in South Africa', Water Resources Research, 43, W05412.

Berrittella, M., A.Y. Hoekstra, K. Rehdanz, R. Roson and R.S.J. Tol (2007), 'The Economic Impact of Restricted Water Supply: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis', Water Research, 41, 1799-1813. This paper used ICES.

van Heerden, J., J. Blignaut, M. Mabugu, R. Gerlagh, S. Hess, R.S.J. Tol, M. Horridge, R. Mabugu, M. de Wit and T. Letsoalo (2006), 'Redistributing Environmental Tax Revenue to Reduce Poverty in South Africa', South African Journal of Economic and Management Science, 9 (4), 537-552.

Zhou, Y. and R.S.J. Tol (2005), ‘Evaluating the Costs of Desalination and Water Transport’, Water Resources Research, 41 (3), W03002.

Zhou, Y. and R.S.J. Tol (2004), ‘The Implications of Desalination to Water Resources in China – An Economic Perspective’, Desalination, 164 (3), 225-240.

Van der Veeren, R.J.H.M. and R.S.J. Tol (2003), ‘Game-theoretic Analyses of Nitrate Emission Reduction Strategies in the Rhine River Basin’, International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 3 (1), 74-103.

Van der Veeren, R.J.H.M. and R.S.J. Tol (2001), ‘Benefits of a Reallocation of Nitrate Emission Reductions in the Rhine River Basin’, Environmental and Resource Economics, 18 (1), 19-41.

Olsthoorn, A.A. and R.S.J. Tol (eds.) (2001), Floods, Flood Management and Climate Change in the Netherlands, Institute for Environmental Studies R01-04, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.

Tol, R.S.J. and P. Vellinga (1998), ‘Climate Change, the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect and the Influence of the Sun: A Statistical Analysis’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 61 (1-2), 1-8.

Tol, R.S.J. and A.F. de Vos (1998), ‘A Bayesian Statistical Analysis of the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect’, Climatic Change, 38, 87-112.

Tol, R.S.J. (1997), ‘Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Daily Wind Speed Measurements’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 56 (1-2), 113-122.

Tol, R.S.J. (1996), ‘Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Daily Temperature Measurements’, Environmetrics, 7, 67-75.

Tol, R.S.J. (1994), ‘Greenhouse Statistics -- Time Series Analysis, Part II’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 49 (2), 91-102.

Tol, R.S.J. and A.F. de Vos (1994), ‘Greenhouse Statistics -- A Different Look at Climate Research’ in C.V. Mathai and G. Stenland (eds.) Global Climate Change -- Science, Policy, and Mitigation Strategies, Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh.

 Tol, R.S.J. and A.F. de Vos (1993), ‘Greenhouse Statistics -- Time Series Analysis’, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 48, 63-74.

Ruane, F.P. and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), 'Centres of Research Excellence in Economics in the Republic of Ireland', Economic and Social Review.

Ruane, F.P. and R.S.J. Tol (forthcoming), 'Rational (Successive) H-Indices: An Application to Economics in the Republic of Ireland', Scientometrics.

Tol, R.S.J. (ed.) (2000), Weather Impacts on Natural, Social and Economic Systems in the Netherlands, Institute for Environmental Studies R00-02, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.

de la Vega-Leinert, A.C., R.J. Nicholls and R.S.J. Tol (eds.) (2000), Proceedings of SURVAS Expert Workshop on European Vulnerability and Adaptation to Impacts of Accelerated Sea-Level Rise, Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, London.

Feenstra, J.F., I. Burton, J.B. Smith and R.S.J. Tol (eds.) (1998), Handbook on Methods of Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, pp. 4.1-4.20, United Nations Environment Programme and Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Nairobi and Amsterdam.

Dorland, C., R.S.J. Tol, D. Dodd and H.M.A. Jansen (1996), ‘Externe Kosten van Electriciteitsproduktie’, Lucht, 13 (2), 34-40.

Tol, R.S.J., R.J.T. Klein, H.M.A. Jansen and H. Verbruggen (1996), ‘Some Economic Considerations on the Importance of Proactive Integrated Coastal Zone Management’, Ocean & Coastal Management, 32 (1), 39-55. 

Herwijnen, M. van, P. Rietveld, K. Thevenet and R.S.J. Tol (1995), ‘Sensitivity Analysis with Interdependent Criteria for Multicriteria Decision Making -- The Case of Soil Pollution Treatment’, Journal of Multicriteria Decision Making, 4 (1), 57-70.